Read Harder 2017 Read a Classic by an Author of Color

Read Harder 2017 Read a Classic by an Author of Color Book Riot’s 2017 Reader Harder Challenge task Read a classic by an author of color can at first seem daunting because what people generally consider to be a “classic” is usually a book by a white person. This isn’t surprising, given the history of … well, the world. It takes levels of literacy, leisure, and access to publishers or other means of getting one’s writing into the world to create a book that can become a classic. These things haven’t always been readily available to people of color, especially women of color. But of course people of color have always been telling stories and writing books, and that writing is probably easier to find now than ever before, given efforts over the last half century to get older books reissued and the ease of finding used and out of print books online. When I looked around to create the list below, I was happy to be able to pull together a list of 50 books, and I could have made the list longer if I had repeated authors more than I do. But still, we need more writing from people of color both from the past and from today. In creating this list, I had to make an arbitrary decision about how I was going to define a classic, as there is no consensus on what that term really means. So my definition is that a classic is at least 50 years old. It’s possible to argue that more recent books are classics too, but I like to focus on older books, both because they fit more solidly into the “classics” category, and because they are often less familiar to readers. Given my (totally arbitrary) rule that classics should be at least 50 years old, is there anything you would add? Bhagavad Gita (c. fifth century to the second century BCE): Ranging from instructions on yoga postures to dense moral discussion, the Gita is one of the most important Hindu texts, as well as serving as a practical guide to living well. The Poems of Tao Chien by Tao Chien (early 400s): Tao was the first writer to make a poetry of his natural voice and immediate experience, thereby creating the personal lyricism which distinguishes ancient Chinese poetry and makes it seem so contemporary. The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon (990s-early 1000s): The Pillow Book offers a fascinating exploration of life among the nobility at the height of the Heian period, describing the exquisite pleasures of a confined world in which poetry, love, fashion, and whim dominated, while harsh reality was kept firmly at a distance. The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu (early 1000s): This exquisite portrait of courtly life in medieval Japan is widely celebrated as the world’s first novel. Genji, the Shining Prince, is the son of an emperor. He is a passionate character whose tempestuous nature, family circumstances, love affairs, alliances, and shifting political fortunes form the core of this magnificent epic. Diary of Lady Murasaki by Murasaki Shikibu: The Diary recorded by Lady Murasaki (c. 973-c. 1020), author of The Tale of Genji, is an intimate picture of her life as tutor and companion to the young Empress Shoshi. Told in a series of vignettes, it offers revealing glimpses of the Japanese imperial palace. The Essential Rumi by Jalal al-Din Rumi (1200s): Thirteenth-century Persian philosopher, mystic, scholar and founder of the order of the Whirling Dervishes, Jelaluddin Rumi was also a poet of transcendental power. His inspirational verse speaks with the universal voice of the human soul and brims with exuberant energy and passion. Essays in Idleness by Yoshida Kenko (1330-1332): [Kenkos] brief writings, some no more than a few sentences long and ranging in focus from politics and ethics to nature and mythology, mark the crystallization of a distinct Japanese principle: that beauty is to be celebrated, though it will ultimately perish. Poems, Protest, and a Dream: Selected Writings by Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz: Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz (1648-1695) wrote her most famous prose work, La Respuesta a Sor Filotea, in 1691 in response to her bishops injunction against her intellectual pursuits. A passionate and subversive defense of the rights of women to study, to teach, and to write, it predates by almost a century and a half serious writings on any continent about the position and education of women. The Narrow Road to the Deep North by Matsuo Basho (1694): In his perfectly crafted haiku poems, Basho described the natural world with great simplicity and delicacy of feeling. When he composed The Narrow Road to the Deep North, he was an ardent student of Zen Buddhism, setting off on a series of travels designed to strip away the trappings of the material world and bring spiritual enlightenment. The Story of the Stone: The Golden Days by Cao Xueqin (c. 1760): Through the changing fortunes of the Jia family, this rich, magical work sets worldly events love affairs, sibling rivalries, political intrigues, even murder within the context of the Buddhist understanding that earthly existence is an illusion and karma determines the shape of our lives. Complete Writings by Phillis Wheatley (1760s-1780s): This volume collects both Wheatleys letters and her poetry: hymns, elegies, translations, philosophical poems, tales, and epyllionsincluding a poignant plea to the Earl of Dartmouth urging freedom for America and comparing the countrys condition to her own. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano by Olaudah Equiano (1789): A spirited autobiography, a tale of spiritual quest and fulfillment, and a sophisticated treatise on religion, politics, and economics, The Interesting Narrative  is a work of enduring literary and historical value. The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas (1844): Dumas’ epic tale of suffering and retribution, inspired by a real-life case of wrongful imprisonment, was a huge popular success when it was first serialized in the 1840s. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass (1845): Published seven years after his escape from slavery, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave is a powerful account of the cruelty and oppression of the Maryland plantation culture into which Frederick Douglass was born. Our Nig by Harriet E. Wilson (1859): Our Nig is an autobiographical narrative that stands as one of the most important accounts of the life of a black woman in the antebellum North. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs (1861): Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl was published at the beginning of the American Civil War. It contributed to the Union’s and abolitionists’ war effort, but is today seen as an important first-hand account from an escaped slave woman and an important abolitionist. The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas by Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1881): By turns flippant and profound, The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas is the story of an unheroic man with half-hearted political ambitions, a harebrained idea for curing the world of melancholy, and a thousand quixotic theories unleashed from beyond the grave. Laughing to Stop Myself Crying by Alice Dunbar-Nelson (1890s): Life among the Creoloe community in New Orleans is a gumbo mix of tropical heat, romance and petty squabbles tied to long forgottoen historical feuds, which fill the pages of this entertaining novel. The Conjure Woman by Charles Chestnutt (1899): The Conjure Woman is the title of an 1899 collection of seven stories The stories deal with the racial issues facing the South after the war, often through the comments of the character of Uncle Julius McAdoo, a freed slave who tells these stories to a white couple from the North, John and Annie. American Indian Stories by Zitkala-Sa (early 20th century): Tapping her troubled personal history, Zitkala-Sa created stories that illuminate the tragedy and complexity of the American Indian experience she forces new thinking about the perceptions, assumptions, and customs of both Sioux and white cultures and raises issues of assimilation, identity, and race relations that remain compelling today. The Sport of the Gods by Paul Laurence Dunbar (1902): [The Sport of the Gods] was the most naturalistic of all Dunbars works. The story of the fall of the Hamiltons, a relatively wealthy African American family in the South, surprised Dunbars readers. The dark, sentimental tone of the novel gave readers their first taste of non-Plantation literature.' The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois (1903): One of the most widely read and influential works in African American literature, The Souls of Black Folk is W.E.B. Du Boiss classic collection of essays in which he details the state of racism and black culture at the beginning of the 20th century. The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man by James Weldon Johnson (1912): The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man by James Weldon Johnson is the fictional telling of the story of a young biracial man, referred to only as the Ex-Colored Man, living in post Reconstruction era America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Mrs. Spring Fragrance by Sui Sin Far (1912): In these deceptively simple fables of family life, Sui Sin Far offers revealing views of life in Seattle and San Francisco at the turn of the twentieth century. Her observations of the tensions of cultural assimilation reflect the difficulties of maintaining old customs in a new environment as well as the challenges that accompany new freedoms. Kokoro by Natsume  Soseki (1914): No collection of Japanese literature is complete without Natsume Sosekis Kokoro, his most famous novel and the last he completed before his death Kokoroâ€"meaning heartâ€"is the story of a subtle and poignant friendship between two unnamed characters, a young man and an enigmatic elder whom he calls Sensei.' The Home and the World by Rabindranath Tagore (1916): The book is set in early 20th century India in the estate of the rich Bengali noble Nikhil. He lives happily with his beautiful wife Bimala until the appearance of his friend and radical revolutionist, Sandip. Sandip is a passionate and active man, a contradiction to the peace-loving and somewhat passive Nikhil. Diary of a Madman and Other Stories by Lu Xun (1918): This collection of short stories by Lu Xun, commonly considered one of the greatest writers in 20th-century China and often referred to as the father of modern Chinese literature, includes the celebrated short story, A Madmans Diary. This short story is considered to be one of the first and most influential modern works written in vernacular Chinese. Rachel by Angelina Weld Grimké (1920): Written exactly midway between the American Civil War and the end of slavery, and the explosion of Civil Rights in the 1960s, this hauntingly beautiful and profoundly shocking play still asks urgent questions for today. Cane by Jean Toomer (1923): Jean Toomer’s Cane is an innovative literary work?part drama, part poetry, part fiction?powerfully evoking black life in the South. Rich in imagery, Toomer’s impressionistic, sometimes surrealistic sketches of Southern rural and urban life are permeated by visions of smoke, sugarcane, dusk, and fire; the northern world is pictured as a harsher reality of asphalt streets. There is Confusion by Jessie Redmon Fauset (1924): Set in Philadelphia some 60 years ago, There Is Confusion traces the lives of Joanna Mitchell and Peter Bye, whose families must come to terms with an inheritance of prejudice and discrimination as they struggle for legitimacy and respect. Home to Harlem by Claude McKay (1928): A novel that gives voice to the alienation and frustration of urban blacks during an era when Harlem was in vogue. Quicksand by Nella Larsen (1928): Nella Larsens first novel Quicksand regards the story of Helga Crane, the lovely and refined mixed-race daughter of a Danish mother and a West Indian black father. The character is loosely based on Larsens own experiences and deals with the characters struggle for racial and sexual identity, a theme common to Larsens work. Plum Bun by Jessie Redmon Fauset (1928): A Harlem Renaissance classic, Plum Bun tells the story of Angela Murray, a young, light-skinned African American woman who decides to leave her home in Philadelphia, and head to New York City and pass for white. Passing by Nella Narsen (1929): Passing tells the troublesome relationship between two African-American woman who are light enough to pass for white. Irene Redfield marries an African-American doctor and moves to Harlem. Clare Kendy, on the other hand, marries a bigoted white man never telling him of her true heritage. Snow Country by Yasunari Kawabata (1935-7): Nobel Prize winner Yasunari Kawabata’s Snow Country is widely considered to be the writer’s masterpiece: a powerful tale of wasted love set amid the desolate beauty of western Japan. Mules and Men by Zora Neale Hurston (1935): Set intimately within the social context of black life, this is a collection of stories, big old lies, songs, voodoo customs and superstitions passed down through oral tradition. Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston (1937): Out of print for almost thirty yearsâ€"due largely to initial audiences’ rejection of its strong black female protagonistâ€"Hurston’s classic has since its 1978 reissue become perhaps the most widely read and highly acclaimed novel in the canon of African-American literature. Native Son by Richard Wright (1940): Native Son tells the story of this young black man caught in a downward spiral after he kills a young white woman in a brief moment of panic. Set in Chicago in the 1930s, Wrights powerful novel is an unsparing reflection on the poverty and feelings of hopelessness experienced by people in inner cities across the country and of what it means to be black in America. Waterlily by Ella Cara Deloria (1940s): Ella Cara Delorias tale follows Blue Bird and her daughter, Waterlily, through the intricate kinship practices that created unity among her people. Waterlily, published after Delorias death and generally viewed as the masterpiece of her career, offers a captivating glimpse into the daily life of the nineteenth-century Sioux. Love in a Fallen City by Eileen Chang (1943): Eileen Chang is one of the great writers of twentieth-century China, where she enjoys a passionate following both on the mainland and in Taiwan. At the heart of Chang’s achievement is her short fictionâ€"tales of love, longing, and the shifting and endlessly treacherous shoals of family life. The Makioka Sisters by Junichiro Tanizaki (1943-1948): Filled with vignettes of a vanishing way of life, The Makioka Sisters is a poignant yet unsparing portrait of a familyâ€"and an entire societyâ€"sliding into the abyss of modernity. It possesses in abundance the keen social insight and unabashed sensuality that distinguish Tanizaki as a master novelist. Half a Life-Long Romance by Eileen Chang (1948): A glamorous, wrenching tale set against the glittering backdrop of an extraordinary city, Half a Lifelong Romance is a beloved classic from one of the essential writers of twentieth-century China. A Street in Bronzeville by Gwendolyn Brooks (1945): Gwendolyn Brooks was one of the most accomplished and acclaimed poets of the last century, the first black author to win the Pulitzer Prize and the first black woman to serve as poetry consultant to the Library of Congressâ€"the forerunner of the U.S. Poet Laureate. Here is her groundbreaking first book of poems, a searing portrait of Chicago’s South Side. The Living is Easy by Dorothy West (1948): One of only a handful of novels published by black women during the forties, the story of ambitious Cleo Judson is a long-time cult classic. The Living Is Easy is delightfully wry and ironic humoreven bitchinessof the novel coexists with a challenging moral and social complexity. Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison* (1952): The nameless narrator of the novel describes growing up in a black community in the South, attending a Negro college from which he is expelled, moving to New York and becoming the chief spokesman of the Harlem branch of the Brotherhood, and retreating amid violence and confusion to the basement lair of the Invisible Man he imagines himself to be. Notes of a Native Son by James Baldwin (1955): Written during the 1940s and early 1950s, when Baldwin was only in his twenties, the essays collected in Notes of a Native Son capture a view of black life and black thought at the dawn of the civil rights movement and as the movement slowly gained strength through the words of one of the most captivating essayists and foremost intellectuals of that era. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe (1958): Things Fall Apart tells two overlapping, intertwining stories, both of which center around Okonkwo, a strong man of an Ibo village in Nigeria...Things Fall Apart is the most illuminating and permanent monument we have to the modern African experience as seen from within. A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry (1959): Lorraine Hansberrys award-winning drama about the hopes and aspirations of a struggling, working-class family living on the South Side of Chicago connected profoundly with the psyche of black Americaand changed American theater forever. The Fire Next Time by James Baldwin (1963): At once a powerful evocation of James Baldwins early life in Harlem and a disturbing examination of the consequences of racial injustice, the book is an intensely personal and provocative document. It consists of two letters, written on the occasion of the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation, that exhort Americans, both black and white, to attack the terrible legacy of racism. Black Feeling, Black Talk by Nikki Giovanni (1967): Black Feeling, Black Talk/Black Judgement is one of the single most important volumes of modern African-American poetry. This book, electrifying generations with its revolutionary phrases and inspiring them with such Nikki Giovanni masterpieces as the lyrical Nikki-Rosa and the intimate Knoxville, Tennessee, is the seminal volume of Nikki Giovannis body of work. *This post originally named the author incorrectly as Richard Wright. Subscribe to Events to receive news and announcements about sitewide events, including daylong and weeklong bookish celebrations, as well as announcements of our Best Of and Anticipated  books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Punishment vs Rehabilitation - 1661 Words

Punishment vs. Rehabilitation Helen Olko October 1, 2012 Abstract The expectations that our society has for the criminal justice system is to punish and rehabilitate individuals who commit crime. Punishment and rehabilitation are also two of the four acknowledged objectives of the criminal justice system, with deterrence and incapacitation being the others. In the United States, punishment has always been the primary goal to achieve when dealing with individuals who commit acts of crime. Many theorists throughout history have argued which is more effective, punishment or rehabilitation. Deterrence is one of the primary goals in the criminal†¦show more content†¦By separating punishment from rehabilitation, the effectiveness of rehabilitation is enhanced since punishment is contradictory to rehabilitative activities. In addition, a two-stage sentence system would include a more uniform sentencing structure and would reduce the issue of chance which is inherent in the present parole-granting process. With the expected functions of a prison limited to punishment and incapacitation, sentences for incarcerating felons can then be addressed within terms of deterrence values. Both punishment and rehabilitation are needed if the problem of crime is to be effectively addressed. However, it is not necessary that the prison provide both of these functions simultaneously. A more logical approach involves a two-stage sentence. The prison would provide the incarceration stage and punishment of criminals. After the punitive portion of the sentence, the offender would ser ve a post-prison sentence of intense supervision which would provide the offender with therapeutic and remedial programs. This separation of the punitive and rehabilitative obligations would allow each segment of a sentence to be more effective, would make shorter punitive sentences more palatable to the public, and, simultaneously, would maximize the use of available cell space and resources. . Victim Impact In many cases, victim rights tend to be overshadowed by the rights of the accused. The courts areShow MoreRelatedPunishment vs. Rehabilitation1546 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In this paper you will read about the steady debate between the punishment model and rehabilitation model. You will be able to understand each model’s side and derive your personal option of which model would work best for our country. Punishment vs. Rehabilitation Deciding methods of fixing bad behavior has been a discussion since the beginning of time. Parents have debated the subject to the point that professionals such as psychologist have been asked to be involved in the discussionRead MorePunishment Vs. Rehabilitation And Rehabilitation1754 Words   |  8 Pages Punishment vs Rehabilitation Punishment and rehabilitation are topics of many debates, especially when it comes to the effectiveness of them both but when these two dynamics work collectively they will be helpful in controlling crime. Punishment and rehabilitation is expected for those that have elected to disobey the law; these are only two of the four recognized objectives with in the criminal justice system, the others include deterrence and incapacitation. Punishing offenders and then subsequentlyRead MorePunishment vs Rehabilitation1678 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Punishment versus Rehabilitation Survey of Justice and Security - AJS/502 March 17, 2014 Arnold Wicker    Punishment versus Rehabilitation, there has been many debates on the effectiveness of punishment compared to the effectiveness of rehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. Punishment is defined as a penalty that is imposed on an individual for doing something wrong. The term rehabilitation is defined as a way to help somebodyRead MorePunishment Vs Rehabilitation Essays : Punishment And Rehabilitation1383 Words   |  6 PagesRebelo 1 Michelle Rebelo PS 102-01: Dr. Howell Williams May 11, 2017 Punishment vs Rehabilitation In all of the countries on Earth, there is some form of system that criminals go through when they commit a crime. Some are harsher than others, and each is different. But which is most effective and beneficial to society as a whole? Here in America, our criminal system is very militaristic, we are punishers. But maybe it’s time for that to change. Before the 1970’s, American prisons held the mentalRead MorePunishment vs. Rehabilitation1570 Words   |  7 Pagesunable to obtain jobs in the public policing field. The role of public policing is governing both the future and the past: preventing crime and rendering justice with respect to past crimes. Its favored strategy is deterrence based on punishment because punishment promises both to prevent crime and to exact a cost for misdeeds already done. (Button 2002) Public policing must provide a full range of police services to the public. The ability of private security providers to pick and chooseRead MorePunishment Vs Rehabilitation . Life Is Full Of Choices,1232 Words   |  5 Pages Punishment vs Rehabilitation Life is full of choices, and every decision we make comes with consequences. However when someone decides to break the law, society locks them away with other lawbreakers for a duration of time that corresponds to their level of offence. This is what we call prison. We send people to prison to be punished, to prevent them from committing the crime again and to deter others from doing the same. Those are all valid reasons for incarceration, but I believe that afterRead MoreThe Integral Role Sentencing Plays in the Criminal Justice Process904 Words   |  4 PagesThese philosophies are: Retribution- Retribution is a philosophy that a wrong doer who has freely chosen to violate society’s rules must be punished. Retribution relies on the principal of â€Å"just deserts†, this holds that the severity of the punishment hold to the severity of the crime. This philosophy is not the same as revenge because retribution is more concerned with the rules of society as a whole, rather than the individualism revenge has had on the victim or victims the offender. MostRead MorePunishment Versus Rehabilitation1513 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment vs. Rehabilitation Brenda A. Dove AJS/502 Version I September 10, 2012 John V. Baiamonte, Jr. Ph.D. Punishment vs. Rehabilitation Punishment versus Rehabilitation, there has been many debates on the effectiveness of punishment compared to the effectiveness of rehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. If an individual commits a crime serious enough to warrant incarceration, then the individual is sent to prison as a form of punishment. While incarceratedRead MoreRehabilitation Programs vs. Incarceration738 Words   |  3 PagesRehabilitation Programs vs. Incarceration 5 Running Head: Rehabilitation Programs vs. Incarceration Impact of Rehabilitation Programs and Incarceration for Juvenile Offenders Discussing the Importance of Rehabilitation Program Introduction Juvenile offenders are increasing day by day regardless of the efforts to control the youth crime. It is important to understand the fact that even though the offenders fall in the young age bracket, they are still a part of human species. Human nature respondsRead MoreThe Incarceration Of Rehabilitation Programs1319 Words   |  6 Pagesinstitutions have made rehabilitation a top priority. Recidivism, defined as the tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend, has become a problem in the United States. One way to correct the recidivism problem, as well as other crime related problems, is rehabilitation. Criminal rehabilitation is meant to, in some way, correct criminal behavior. There are punishment types of rehabilitation as well correctional rehabilitation. Not all programs or practices of rehabilitation are effective. The

According To Marx, Society Is Primarily Divided On Those

According to Marx, society is primarily divided on those who own property, For Marx, he believes that there are only two primary groups in society and these classes are the bourgeoisies and the proletariats whose social relationship is the motivational force for change in capitalism. But before humans can do anything, they must satisfy certain their basic needs, they must feed, clothe and house themselves though productive labor, as it is the This approach is called by Marx, the Materialist Conception of History. Because humans produce their own means of life, the only available means would determine their level of existence, as the â€Å"productive forces of society† consist of the means of production and labor power, enabling them to†¦show more content†¦With everything bought and sold at its value, with the capitalists pocketing the surplus- value made from the labor of the proletariats. Now Marx isn’t saying that all components of capitalism are bad, it’s just that the capitalist class must exploit the proletariats to remain on top of the hierarchy. They must continue to exploit to build their wealth at their best interest, as their class division entails them to continuously do to continue the wealth bloodline In this context, Marx realizes that the productive forces in a society develop faster than production relations, and they may also conflict with each other. Formally breaking down what consisted of the hierarchy structure that depersonalized many, in which freedom was limited because one’s social class, attempting to break free of the oppression that once was. This conflict was to be resolved by replacing the old socio- economical production relation with a new one. According to Marx, there are five socio-economic formations. They were â€Å"primitive-communal, slave owning, feudal, capitalist and communist†. Marx claims that each class conflict between each production has ultimately reached their final stage of revolution after transitioning from one socio economic format to another. This underlined the progressive character changes of the social development scheme. With Marx believing that the changes made in society would correspond to the mode of production in socie ty by replacing the exploitative mode ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Theories of Karl Marx and Maw Weber789 Words   |  4 Pagesthat Karl Marx and Max Weber formed many years ago. Although there are too many for us to go further in depth on, I chose to primarily focus on Racism and Classism. With the perspectives of these theorists in mind I can explain how Racism, Classism, in conjunction with Feminism are among the largest social problems human beings face in the world today. Both theorists have different theories of the social concept Classism, however they are not that much different from one another. Karl Marx utilizesRead MoreKarl Marx s Influence On Society1423 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx may be regarded as one of the most influential thinkers and his views on how society functions have shaped the development of socialist and economic theories. Political philosophers have developed a variety of enlightened ideologies depicting how governments and societies are organized over the course of history. Marx’s influence by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel would lead to Marx’s view of history known as historical materialism, â€Å"Life is not determined by consciousness, but consciousnessRead MoreCompare and Contrast Marx’s Idea of Class and Durkheim’s Division of Labour?1641 Words   |  7 Pagesclass and Durkheim’s division of labour? The essay will begin by providing a brief introduction into the two perspectives of Functionalism and Marxism, focusing on the theories of the French Sociologist Emile Durkheim and the German philosopher Karl Marx. Then it will give a brief discussion showing the transformation that took place from feudalism to capitalism, providing the reader with an insight into the dramatic change that took place during a time of revolution and revolt. Finally the essay willRead MoreEmile Durkheim vs. Karl Marx1689 Words   |  7 PagesDurkheim vs. Karl Marx Durkheim vs. Marx Introduction: For so many years, authorities from each field have deliberated normative theories to explain what holds the society together. Almost each specialist, from structural functionalism, positivism and conflict theory perspective, had contributed their works trying to illustrate main problematic to our society. In one way, one of the Emile Durkheim’s famous work is â€Å"division of labor† which was primarily focusing on how the society could maintainRead MoreConflict Theories Focus On The Political Nature Of Crime1439 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical nature of crime and examine the creation and application of the law. Conflict theory fundamental assumption is that society is characterized more by conflict than by collective consensus. This characterization allows conflict theory to be viewed at on a continuous spectrum from different vantage points. On one end of the spectrum is the pluralistic view that infers that society is composed of different groups which are in a st ruggle for maintain their interest in several situations. On the oppositeRead MorePolitics Is A Struggle For Power880 Words   |  4 Pages The idea that â€Å"politics is a struggle for power† is correct in relation to the theories of German sociologist and historian Karl Marx (1818-1883). The Marxist perception describes that power in a society is limited and defined by class structures. This theory details how power is primarily placed with the owners and managers of economic production (referred to as the bourgeoisie). As such, the struggles for power and its relation to politics are separated into how the proletariat and the bourgeoisieRead MoreKarl Marx s Theories During The Industrial Revolution1662 Words   |  7 Pagesin which class division and wage labor were the most foregrounded aspects of society (Poynton). Karl Marx’s theories during this time gave way to new perspectives and different ways of viewing oneself in class positions. Comparisons between social and political structures in the 19th century and the 21st century expose the similarities that have yet to be modified. Marxist theory pro ved to offer a framework for society to undergo evolutionary change that would put an end to the capitalist mode ofRead MoreHow Mechanical And Or Organic Solidarity As Discussed By Durkheim2434 Words   |  10 PagesDurkheim are relevant in today’s society. Discussion shall surround the emergence of organic solidarity the division of society, and the emergence of apparent equality and diversity in Western society. In order to provide such an analysis this piece will draw upon academic journals, and theories to substantiate the analysis, using works from Durkheim (1984), Marx (1984, 2008), although this list is not exhaustive. Durkheim’s work on the Division of Labour, according to Merton (1994) ‘embodies manyRead MoreCapitalism Is The Most Recognized Economic System1752 Words   |  8 Pagesit allows me to understand the how prominent business people impact of the politics of any given state. Capitalism is characterized by elements such as competitive markets, capital accumulation, and salaried labor. Within this type of an economy, those partaking in a transaction posses the power to determine the prices at which goods, services and other assets are exchanged. In the free market economy, the state is allowed to intervene in the pricing of products and it provides significant servicesRead MoreGlobalization Has Transformed Our Economic Lives1609 Words   |  7 PagesSociology has looked at the way people interact with one another in groups, cultures, societies and organizations. An emerging topic in sociology that takes in a bigger and more worldly view is globalization. Globalization is def ined as taking into account the way the world becomes more connected with itself through cultural, transportation and communication means. These international connections came before the time of capitalism and colonization itself. Long since then, countries have traded with

Award Speech Free Essays

Today ladies and gentleman it is my privilege to present the award for the strongest child of the year award. Introduction l. Hook: Imagine being a few weeks old finding yourself on the side of the road burled In some smelly trash or thrown Into a deep, dark, muddy hole near the busy streets of Nairobi, Kenya. We will write a custom essay sample on Award Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now No sign of your parents, food, or shelter. You are ultimately helpless. L. Credential Statement: Last year during spring break I had the privilege o go on a mission trip to Nairobi, Kenya with eleven other classmates. II. Thesis: Eve been preparing for this trip and was so excited to finally see how God could use me to serve others, but little did I know that a little boy name Harry was going to change my view on life forever. Body l. Remap Home A. 53 children 3-11 years old B. AIDS C. No shoes, barely clothing II. Harry A. About Harry 1. Huge Smile 2. 9 years old 3. Side of the road B. Physical Condition 1. AIDS 2. Heart stopped four times . Breathing Machine 4. Fluid in his lungs 5. Wheel Chair 6. Going Blind C. Faith 1. First thing he told me Noon 15:12) How this applies to me and the audience Ill. A. Always turn to God when things get rough B. He’s always going to be there for us C. Always love one another because you never know when your life will be taken away Conclusion: Harry deserves this award because no matter what life throws at him he always stays strong In Christ. I have never seen anyone as passionate about Christ Han Harry and that fascinates me because even though he has no parents, Is deathly Ill and doesn’t even have any possessions of his own, he still praises the Lord to no Limit. He truly made me appreciate what I had and to never ever take anything for granted. He showed me how absolutely blessed I am in this life. He has been through so much Ana It truly snows now much strength n 110 NAS an tongue all t tough times he has endured. So I am proud to award him with the strongest child of the year award. How to cite Award Speech, Papers

Mystical Caves Used Throughout Mythology The Use Of Caves In Mythology

Mystical Caves Used Throughout Mythology The use of caves in mythology to depict darkness and abandonment has branded it as a symbol of chaos. From this perception other associations are made which connect the cave to prejudices, malevolent spirits, burial sites, sadness, resurrection and intimacy. It is a world to which only few venture, and yet its mysticism has attracted the interest of philosophers, religious figures and thinkers throughout history. These myths are exemplified in Homer's "Odyssey," where the two worlds of mortals and immortals unite in the eternal cave. To Plato, the cave represents the confusion between reality and falsehood. Individuals chained deep within the recesses of the cave mistake their shadows for physical existence. These false perceptions, and the escape from bonds held within the cave symbolize transition into the a world of reality. Comparatively, in the Odyssey, Odysseus must first break with Kalypso, and set himself free before he can return to Ithaka, when he will then be prepared to release Penelope from the bondage of suitors. His experience within the cave is in itself a world of fantasy, in that Kalypso is a supernatural being, and the only way to escape her enslavement is to receive assistance from immortals superior to her. The philosopher Francis Bacon also theorized about the myth attached to caves in which he maintained that "idols," meaning prejudices and preconceived notions possessed by an individual, were contained in a person's "cave," or obscure, compartment, with "?intricate and winding chambers'"1 . Beliefs that caves were inhabited by negative thoughts, or spirits, were also held by the native-American culture, in which these spirits influenced the outcome of all human strivings, and had to be maintained inside caves. The souls of the dead were thought to be the most malevolent of all spirits, and were held within the deepest parts of the cave. In Greek mythology this also holds true, according the l egend in which Cronus was placed in a cave in the deepest part of the underworld. This was done by Zeus and his siblings after waging war against their father for swallowing them at birth for fear that they might overthrow him. Incidently, Zeus was raised in a cave after Rhea hid him from Cronus. For his punishment, Cronus was placed in Tartarus to prevent his return to earth, which would unbalance the system of authority established by Zeus. Beyond the shadows of the cave, however, this balanced system of power is nonexistent. It becomes a system both unstable and lawless, and survival as a guest in such a cave is only accomplished through the complete submission to the sovereign. In Odysseus' encounter with the Cyclops, it is his disregard for Polyphemos' authority that costs him the lives of several companions, and ultimately a ten year delay on his return home. The land of the Cyclops epitomizes darkness, chaos, and abandonment; where the only law exists past the entrance of th e cave. From the island's shore a "high wall of...boulders"2 can be seen encircling each cave. Clearly impossible of being accomplished by mortals, massive walls of similar description found standing after the Persian Wars were also thought by ancient Greeks to be the work of the Cyclops. Unfamiliar to this system of power, Odysseus disregards these laws and enters the cave without an invitation. For this reason, Polyphemos implicates his own punishment onto the trespassers, and kills six men. In order to escape the wrath of the Cyclops, Odysseus eventually blinds him, an offense which falls under the jurisdiction of Poseidon, and for which he ultimately pays throughout his wanderings. The uncontrollable winds next direct Odysseus through a narrow strait outlined by rocks and cliffs through which he must pass to return home. On these cliffs which stand opposite each other lurk Scylla and Charybdis, one side "reach[ing] up into...heaven"3 and the other not quite as high. Scylla, a c reature with twelve feet and six necks, resides in a cave upon this high cliff and devours sailors from fleeting ships. Across the stream of water dwells Charybdis, a dreadful whirlpool beneath a fig tree. Three times daily the maelstrom forms, and shipwrecks passing vessels. In the "Odyssey," Odysseus and his crew encounter these two Mystical Caves Used Throughout Mythology The Use Of Caves In Mythology Mystical Caves Used Throughout Mythology The use of caves in mythology to depict darkness and abandonment has branded it as a symbol of chaos. From this perception other associations are made which connect the cave to prejudices, malevolent spirits, burial sites, sadness, resurrection and intimacy. It is a world to which only few venture, and yet its mysticism has attracted the interest of philosophers, religious figures and thinkers throughout history. These myths are exemplified in Homer's "Odyssey," where the two worlds of mortals and immortals unite in the eternal cave. To Plato, the cave represents the confusion between reality and falsehood. Individuals chained deep within the recesses of the cave mistake their shadows for physical existence. These false perceptions, and the escape from bonds held within the cave symbolize transition into the a world of reality. Comparatively, in the Odyssey, Odysseus must first break with Kalypso, and set himself free before he can return to Ithaka, when he will then be prepared to release Penelope from the bondage of suitors. His experience within the cave is in itself a world of fantasy, in that Kalypso is a supernatural being, and the only way to escape her enslavement is to receive assistance from immortals superior to her. The philosopher Francis Bacon also theorized about the myth attached to caves in which he maintained that "idols," meaning prejudices and preconceived notions possessed by an individual, were contained in a person's "cave," or obscure, compartment, with "?intricate and winding chambers'"1 . Beliefs that caves were inhabited by negative thoughts, or spirits, were also held by the native-American culture, in which these spirits influenced the outcome of all human strivings, and had to be maintained inside caves. The souls of the dead were thought to be the most malevolent of all spirits, and were held within the deepest parts of the cave. In Greek mythology this also holds true, according the l egend in which Cronus was placed in a cave in the deepest part of the underworld. This was done by Zeus and his siblings after waging war against their father for swallowing them at birth for fear that they might overthrow him. Incidently, Zeus was raised in a cave after Rhea hid him from Cronus. For his punishment, Cronus was placed in Tartarus to prevent his return to earth, which would unbalance the system of authority established by Zeus. Beyond the shadows of the cave, however, this balanced system of power is nonexistent. It becomes a system both unstable and lawless, and survival as a guest in such a cave is only accomplished through the complete submission to the sovereign. In Odysseus' encounter with the Cyclops, it is his disregard for Polyphemos' authority that costs him the lives of several companions, and ultimately a ten year delay on his return home. The land of the Cyclops epitomizes darkness, chaos, and abandonment; where the only law exists past the entrance of th e cave. From the island's shore a "high wall of...boulders"2 can be seen encircling each cave. Clearly impossible of being accomplished by mortals, massive walls of similar description found standing after the Persian Wars were also thought by ancient Greeks to be the work of the Cyclops. Unfamiliar to this system of power, Odysseus disregards these laws and enters the cave without an invitation. For this reason, Polyphemos implicates his own punishment onto the trespassers, and kills six men. In order to escape the wrath of the Cyclops, Odysseus eventually blinds him, an offense which falls under the jurisdiction of Poseidon, and for which he ultimately pays throughout his wanderings. The uncontrollable winds next direct Odysseus through a narrow strait outlined by rocks and cliffs through which he must pass to return home. On these cliffs which stand opposite each other lurk Scylla and Charybdis, one side "reach[ing] up into...heaven"3 and the other not quite as high. Scylla, a c reature with twelve feet and six necks, resides in a cave upon this high cliff and devours sailors from fleeting ships. Across the stream of water dwells Charybdis, a dreadful whirlpool beneath a fig tree. Three times daily the maelstrom forms, and shipwrecks passing vessels. In the "Odyssey," Odysseus and his crew encounter these two

Introducing Social Essay

Introducing Social Essay Introducing Social Essay Introducing†¦.Social Development: EARLY RELATIONSHIPS Attachment = ‘a long enduring, emotionally meaningful tie to a particular individual’ Monotropy = infants have an innate need to attach to one figure. Privation = never having had a secure and loving relationship with an attachment figure. Deprivation=having a secure relationship with an attachment figure and then losing it. 1) What do you think is the role of caregiver-infant interactions in the development of attachment? 2) What kind of studies do you think psychologists would do on humans to investigate attachment? 3) What kinds of studies do you think psychologists would do on animals to investigate attachment? 4) Criticize animal studies. 5) What do you think is the function of attachment? 6) If a child was securely attached to his/her mother, if the mother left the room what do the think the child would do? 7) If the mother returned what do you think a securely attached child would do? 8) How would a securely attached child act with a stranger? 9)What do you think the short term and long-term consequences of privation are? 10)What do you think the short-term and long-term consequences of deprivation are? Social Development: later relationships intro What do you think ‘friendship’ means? How do you think your ideas of friendship have changed as you have grown up? What sex differences do you think there are in children’s friendships? How many best friends do you have? How many best friends have you had in the past? How long have you been friends with your closest same-sex friend? Do you hold hands with your friends? Do you write

Hyphenating More + Adjective

Hyphenating More + Adjective Hyphenating More + Adjective Hyphenating More + Adjective By Maeve Maddox A reader questions the standard advice that the adverb more should not be linked to an adjective by a hyphen: I find that most style guides do not favor hyphenating phrases starting with more (e.g., more honest). I find the following phrase in the manuscript that I am currently editing: â€Å"more explicit predictions.† This could mean predictions that are more explicit or more predictions that are explicit. From the context, I believe the author means the former. For clarity, shouldnt this be hyphenated as more-explicit predictions? Most style guides do advise against linking more to an adjective with a hyphen, but most also recognize that sometimes a hyphen may be necessary for clarity. For example, The Chicago Manual of Style prefers â€Å"a spare hyphenation style.† The guide provides numerous examples, but recognizes that writers will encounter punctuation puzzles for which they can find no examples or analogies. In that case, CMOS gives this common sense advice: if no suitable example or analogy can be found either in this section [7.85] or in the dictionary, hyphenate only if doing so will aid readability. Adding a hyphen is a quick solution, but not the only one. Another option is to rewrite the sentence with a qualifying clause: There is a need for predictions that are more explicit. The reader who posed the question rejects the clause solution as â€Å"rather stilted.† It does require more words, but calling it stilted is a matter of opinion. I see it as a practical solution. Another way to avoid ambiguity with more is to use a different word. Here are some synonyms for more: additional further added extra increased new other supplementary These words may or may not be appropriate substitutes for more in a specific context. Sometimes the only way to avoid ambiguity is to take the time to rethink the sentence. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowFlier vs. Flyer5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow